The core difference between cast iron and cast steel lies in their carbon content (cast iron typically has a carbon content higher than 2.11%,
while cast steel has a carbon content lower than 2%) and mechanical properties (cast iron is hard and brittle, while cast steel is strong and tough). This leads to significant differences in their applications (e.g., cast iron is used for structural components, while cast steel is used for high-load parts) and costs.
Chemical Composition Differences: Both cast iron and cast steel are iron-carbon alloys, but their compositions differ significantly:
Cast Iron: Carbon content is higher than 2.11% (typically 2.5%-4%), with carbon existing in the form of graphite or cementite, and containing 1%-3% silicon and impurities such as manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Cast Steel: Carbon content is lower than 2% (typically 0.15%-0.6%), with carbon existing in the form of solid solution or cementite, fewer impurities, and the addition of alloying elements (such as chromium and nickel) can improve its performance. Mechanical Property Comparison
Performance differences stem from the form in which carbon exists:
Cast Iron: High compressive strength and hardness, but low elongation and impact toughness (hard and brittle), good shock absorption; special types such as ductile iron can have their toughness improved through treatment.
Cast Steel: Excellent plasticity and toughness, high elongation, reduction of area, and impact toughness; strength increases with increasing carbon content.
Application Differences
Performance differences determine applicable scenarios:
Cast Iron: Low cost and good casting performance, used for structural components such as machine tool beds, cylinders, and housings; ductile iron is used for high-strength components such as engine crankshafts and gears.
Cast Steel: Impact resistant and weldable, used for parts subjected to heavy loads or impacts, such as rolling mill frames, wheels, and couplers.
These are the differences between cast iron and cast steel. Generally, cast steel parts are used in harsher environments than cast iron parts, while cast iron parts are mostly used for wear-resistant components. The application scenarios for both are quite clear. If you have a large demand for castings, you can choose to cooperate with Mulan Metal. Mulan Metal has 12 years of experience in casting production and processing and has helped customers in more than 30 countries complete various casting commission productions and has received consistent recognition. We look forward to your cooperation inquiries.
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