Common alloy formulas used in the metal casting industry vary depending on the specific material type.
The following are the main categories and typical formulas:
Magnesium Alloys
Mg-Al-Zn System (e.g., ZM5, AM80A): Based on magnesium, aluminum and zinc are added to achieve tensile strength similar to cast aluminum alloys, but excessive zinc content can easily cause microporosity.
Mg-Zn-Zr System: Zirconium is added to refine the grain size, improve yield strength and fatigue resistance, but the zinc content must be controlled to avoid hot cracking.
Mg-Ag System: Silver alloying enhances the aging-hardening effect but reduces corrosion resistance.
Iron-Based Alloys
GH2026 (GH26): Contains chromium (19%-22%), nickel (32%-36%), molybdenum (2.8%-3.3%), and titanium (2%-2.5%). It is an age-hardened high-temperature alloy widely used in the aerospace industry. Copper Alloys
Cast Tin Bronze: Based on copper and tin, zinc, lead, or phosphorus are often added to enhance performance. It is used in wear-resistant parts such as valves and bearings.
Cast Aluminum Bronze: Contains 8.5%-10.5% aluminum, offering a combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, suitable for bushings, gears, and other applications.
Cast Brass: Based on zinc, elements such as manganese and silicon are added. It is used in marine and automotive parts.
Other Alloys
Alloy Cast Iron: Elements such as silicon, manganese, chromium, and copper are commonly added to improve casting properties.
Of course, alloys with compositions close to the eutectic are often used in casting. These alloys contain alloying elements far exceeding their limiting solubility, resulting in excellent casting properties and fluidity, allowing for direct casting into a variety of complex shapes. This is why alloy formulas are often referred to and used in casting.
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